Knowledge of machines
| Knowledge of machines
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| Machines consist of fixed and moving parts that modify mechanical energy and transmit it in a more useful form. A simple machine; such as a lever, a pulley, or an inclined plane; alters the magnitude or direction, or both, of an applied force. Complex machines have internal energy systems; such as electric motors, steam engines, turbines, combustion engines, solar energy systems, nuclear systems; that combine with levers, inclined planes and/or screws to enable the machine to perform their intended function/s. Initially students learn about simple machines such as levers, inclined planes and screws and how when combined with mechanical components they are able to achieve a mechanical advantage and motion. This should progress to students learning how to explain the functionality of complex machines using technical language, diagrams and symbols; and being able to evaluate such machines in terms of their energy efficiency in order to suggest ways of improving this.
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| Level 6
| Level 7
| Level 8
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| Demonstrate understanding of basic concepts related to machines
| Demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts related to machines
| Demonstrate understandings of complex concepts related to machines
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| To support students to understanding basic concepts related to machines at level 6, teachers could:
- Provide opportunity for students to explain the purpose of levers, inclined planes and screws.
- Provide opportunity for students to explain the purpose of a range of mechanical components within a range of machines.
- Guide students to explain the advantages and disadvantages of pneumatic and hydraulic systems.
- Guide students to understand how a range of machines provide mechanical advantage and motion.
- Guide students to discuss why particular levers, inclined planes and screws, and mechanical components were selected to ensure mechanical advantage and motion in across a range of machines.
| To support students to understanding advanced concepts related to machines at level 7, teachers could:
- Provide opportunity for students to explore efficiencies of machines (eg, block and tackle, chain block, pneumatic or hydraulic jack, and turntable) and explain their safe use.
- These machines should include two or more mechanical components (eg, cams and followers; pivots and linkages; gears; belt or chains and sprockets; shafts and bearings) Guide students to explain how mechanical components combine to provide the desired mechanical advantage, and relative motion between input and output in a range of machines.
- Guide students to discuss for a range of machines how mechanical advantage was obtained by combining mechanical components, the relative motion between input and output for the machines, and efficiency(s) obtained. Note: a machines efficiency is determined by the ratio of the energy delivered (or work done) by a machine to the energy needed (or work required) to operate it (i.e. output energy/input energy).
| To support students to understanding complex concepts related to machines at level 8, teachers could:
- Guide students to explain how complex machines work using technical language, diagrams and symbols as appropriate.
- Support students to discuss how components enable complex machines to achieve their function/s.
- Support students to discuss the energy efficiency of complex machines and how this impacts on the requirements for the machine's energy system.
- Provide opportunity for students to evaluate the energy efficiency of complex machines and determine possible ways of increasing their energy efficiency.
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| Students can:
- explain the purpose of levers, inclined planes and screws
- explain the purpose of a range of mechanical components
- explain the advantages and disadvantages of pneumatic and hydraulic systems
- explain how a machine provides the mechanical advantage and motion
- discuss why particular levers, inclined planes and screws, and mechanical components were selected to ensure the mechanical advantage and motion in machines.
| Students can:
- describe the efficiencies of machines in relation to their safe application
- explain how mechanical components combine to provide the desired mechanical advantage, and relative motion between input and output in a range of machines
- discuss why mechanical components were combined to provide the mechanical advantage, relative motion between input and output, and efficiency desired in a range of machines.
| Students can:
- explain how complex machines work using technical language, diagrams and symbols as appropriate
- discuss how the components enable complex machines to achieve their function/s
- discuss the energy efficiency of complex machines and how this impacts on the requirements for the machine's energy system
- evaluate the energy efficiency of complex machines and justify possible ways of increasing their energy efficiency.
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AS91062 Construction & Mechanical Technologies 1.25Demonstrate understanding of basic concepts related to machines
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AS91349 Construction & Mechanical Technologies 2.25Demonstrate understanding of advanced concepts related to machines
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Construction and Mechanical Technologies 3.25Demonstrate understanding of complex machines
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Construction and Mechanical Technologies
Construct a Resistant Materials Product
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Construct a Textiles Product
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Knowledge of Textiles Construction
Knowledge of Resistant Materials Construction
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Knowledge of Structures
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Knowledge of machines
Pattern Making
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